Ampicillin

5
Ampicillin
Brands

DEA Class; Rx

Common Brand Names; Ampi, Omnipen, Penglobe, Principen

  • Penicillins, Amino

Aminopenicillin similar to amoxicillin; not stable to beta-lactamases of either gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria; used commonly for obstetric infections, otitis media, sinusitis and other infections due to susceptible organisms; oral ampicillin exhibits lower bioavailability and higher incidence of GI effects than amoxicillin.

Indicated for the treatment of severe infections, including bacteremia.

For Endocarditis Prophylaxis (Off-label)

  • Dental, oral, or respiratory tract procedures

  • Genitourinary and gastrointestinal tract procedures

For the treatment of Endocarditis (Off-label)

For the treatment of Genitourinary Tract Infections (Excluding Gonorrhea)

For the treatment of Gastrointestinal Tract Infections

For the treatment of Urinary Tract Infection (ampicillin-susceptible Enterococcus; Off-label)

For the treatment of Gonorrhea, Respiratory Tract Infections

Indicated for Bacterial Meningitis/Septicemia, Group B Streptococcus (Off-label), Listeria Infection (Off-label).

Hypersensitivity

  • Erythema multiforme
  • Exfoliative dermatitis
  • Rash
  • Urticaria
  • Fever
  • Seizure
  • Black hairy tongue
  • Diarrhea
  • Enterocolitis
  • Glossitis
  • Nausea
  • Oral candidiasis
  • Pseudomembranous colitis
  • Stomatitis
  • Vomiting
  • Agranulocytosis
  • Anemia
  • Hemolytic anemia
  • Eosinophilia
  • Leukopenia
  • Thrombocytopenia purpura
  • Anaphylaxis
  • Aspartate aminotransferase increased
  • Interstitial nephritis
  • Laryngeal stridor
  • Serum sickness-like reaction

Use caution in allergy to cephalosporins, carbapenems

Adjust dose in renal failure; evaluate rash and differentiate from hypersensitivity reaction

Endocarditis prophylaxis: Use only for high-risk patients, per AHA Guidelines

Prolonged use associated with fungal or bacterial superinfection

Rash has developed during therapy in high percentage of patients with infectious mononucleosis receiving ampicillin class antibiotics; avoid therapy in these patients

Pregnancy category: B

Lactation: Excreted in breast milk; use caution

Adults

2 g/day PO. 200 mg/kg/day IV/IM per FDA-approved product labeling (Max: 12 g/day).

Geriatric

2 g/day PO. 200 mg/kg/day IV/IM per FDA-approved product labeling (Max: 12 g/day).

Adolescents

100 mg/kg/day PO (Max: 2 g/day); 200 mg/kg/day IV/IM per FDA-approved product labeling; however, doses up to 400 mg/kg/day IV (Max: 12 g/day) have been used off-label for serious infections.

Children

100 mg/kg/day PO (Max: 2 g/day); 200 mg/kg/day IV/IM per FDA-approved product labeling; however, doses up to 400 mg/kg/day IV (Max: 12 g/day) have been used off-label for serious infections.

Infants

100 mg/kg/day PO; 200 mg/kg/day IV/IM per FDA-approved product labeling; however, doses up to 400 mg/kg/day IV have been used off-label for serious infections.

Neonates

older than 7 days: 150 mg/kg/day IV/IM per FDA-approved product labeling; however, doses up to 300 mg/kg/day IV have been used off-label for serious infections.
0 to 7 days and older than 34 weeks gestation: 150 mg/kg/day IV/IM per FDA-approved product labeling; however, doses up to 300 mg/kg/day IV have been used off-label for serious infections.
0 to 7 days and 34 weeks gestation or younger: 100 mg/kg/day IV/IM per FDA-approved product labeling; however, doses up to 300 mg/kg/day IV have been used off-label for serious infections.

Ampicillin

capsules

  • 250mg
  • 500mg

oral suspension

  • 125mg/5mL
  • 250mg/5mL

powder for injection

  • 125mg
  • 250mg
  • 500mg
  • 1g
  • 2g
  • 10g
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