Classes
DEA Class; Rx
Common Brand Names; Uniretic
- ACEI/Diuretic Combos;
- ACEI/HCTZ Combos
Description
Moexipril/hydrochlorothiazide is a fixed-combination tablet that combines an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, moexipril, and a thiazide diuretic, hydrochlorothiazide
Moexipril prevents the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II (a potent vasoconstrictor) through inhibition of ACE by competing with physiologic substrate (angiotensin I) for active site of ACE; inhibition of ACE initially results in decreased plasma angiotensin II concentrations & consequently, blood pressure may be reduced in part through decreased vasoconstriction, increased renin activity, and decreased aldosterone secretion
Hydrochlorothiazide is a thiazide diuretic that inhibits Na reabsorption in distal renal tubules resulting in increased excretion of Na+ and water, also K+ and H+ ions
Indications
Indicated for the treatment of hypertension.
Contraindications
Anuria
Hypersensitivity to either component or sulfonamides
History of angioedema
Hereditary or idiopathic angioedema
Coadministration of neprilysin inhibitors (eg, sacubitril) with ACE inhibitors may increase angioedema risk; do not administer ACE inhibitors within 36 hr of switching to or from sacubitril/valsartan
Bilateral renal artery stenosis
Adverse Effects
Moexipril
- Dizziness
- Hypotension
- Peripheral edema
- Cough
- Headache
- Myalgia
- Hyponatremia
- Pharyngitis
- Sinusitis
- Rash
- Nausea/vomiting
- Hyperkalemia
- Hyponatremia
- Polyuria
- Angioedema
- Arrhythmia
- Chest pain
- Pneumonitis
- Syncope
- Proteinuria
- Agranulocytosis (especially if patient has CVD with or without renal impairment)
- Hepatic failure (rare)
- Renal failure
Hydrochlorothiazide
- Anorexia
- Epigastric distress
- Hypotension
- Orthostatic hypotension
- Photosensitivity
- Anaphylaxis, anemia, confusion, erythema multiforme skin reactions including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, exfoliative dermatitis including toxic epidermal necrolysis, hypomagnesemia, hyponatremia, hypochloremia, dizziness, fatigue, headache, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, muscle weakness or cramps, nausea, purpura, rash, vertigo, vomiting
Warnings
Excessive hypotension if concomitant diuretics, hypovolemia, hyponatremia
Risk of hyperkalemia, especially in patients with renal impairment, DM or those taking concomitant K+-elevating drugs
Dual blockade of the renin angiotensin system with ARBs, ACE inhibitors, or aliskiren associated with increased risk for hypotension, hyperkalemia, and renal function changes (including acute renal failure) compared to monotherapy
DM, fluid or electrolyte imbalance, hyperuricemia or gout, SLE, liver disease, renal disease
May aggravate digitalis toxicity
Sensitivity reactions may occur with or without history of allergy or asthma
Biliary cirrhosis or biliary obstruction
Apheresis (LDL) with dextran sulfate, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, collagen vascular disease, hemodialysis with high flux membrane, aortic stenosis
Myelosuppression
Renal impairment may occur
Neutropenia/agranulocytosis reported
Cough may occur within the first few months
Cholestatic jaundice may occur
Risk of male sexual dysfunction
Acute transient myopia and acute angle-closure glaucoma has been reported, particularly with history of sulfonamide or penicillin allergy (hydrochlorothiazide is a sulfonamide)
Avoid concomitant use with lithium
Pregnancy and Lactation
Pregnancy Category: C (1st trimester); D (2nd & 3rd trimester)
Lactation: inconclusive evidence exists, use caution
Maximum Dosage
50 mg/day PO hydrochlorothiazide and 750 mg/day PO methyldopa.
Pediatric
<18 years: Safety and efficacy not established
How supplied
Moexipril/hydrochlorothiazide
tablet
- 7.5mg/12.5mg
- 15mg/12.5mg
- 15mg/25mg